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Welcome to the Galleries Archives
of the Daruma Museum !

. DARUMA MUSEUM
ABC Main Index - A to R 　

. DARUMA MUSEUM
ABC Main Index - S to Z 　


Introducing Places, People and Things Japanese
Daruma Pilgrims in Japan

Introducing Japanese Deities, Buddist and Shinto
O-Fudo-Sama, Fudo Myo-O

Asian Animals in Art
Dragon Art Gallery


. Amulets, Talismans and Folk Toys from Japan .　




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My Happy Haiku Gallery


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GLOSSARY

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DARUMA MUSEUM GLOSSARY


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GLOSSARY ... VOKABULAR

Most vocabulary is covered in the text of the Darumapedia.
Check here first.

- - - SEARCH all my articles !


Below are words not yet covered in a full article.


If you copy the Japanese kanji given below, you will find photos for most items in the list below.
. GOOGLE for IMAGES





. YAHOO J / E - DICTIONARY
Enter your Japanese or English keyword ... 　


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............................. AAA

aikoku fujinkai 愛国婦人会 women's patriotic association

akitsukami 明神 Manifest Deity

ama no hitsugi 天日嗣 Throne of Heavenly Sun Succession
ama no takamikura 天高御座 High Throne of Heaven

arahitokami 現人神 living god

ashitsuki-bachi 足付鉢 (あしつきばち) bowl with legs

asobibe, asobi be 　遊び部　 play functionaries
asobime　遊び女　/ 遊女　 "play girl" prostitute (sex was called: omatsuri)



............................. BBB

bakuhan taisei 幕藩体制 Bakuhan system (of government)

Beibei kyoodan 皿皿郷談(べいべいきょうだん) A Rustic Tale of Two Heirs
(bei-bei kyodan)

bonchigara, bonchi gara ぼんちがら patterns for boys

Bukkyoo bunka jiten　仏教文化辞典　Encyclopedia of Buddhist Culture, 1989
bu-un chookyuu 武運長久（ぶうんちょうきゅう）continued good luck in the fortunes of war





............................. CCC

chabo ちゃぼ【矮鶏】 Chinese bantam, chicken

chaki ちゃき【茶器】 container for tea ceremony utensils, tea set

champion vase / He Jingbei ... two cylinders joined together, a nuptial cup

chin ちん【狆】Chinese spaniel dog

choku ちょく【勅】imperial edict

chooge 頂華 finial, フィニアル, kirizuma 切妻




............................. DDD

dannaji, danna ji 旦那寺 funerary temple

donsu どんす【緞子】damask, satin damask
..... kinran donsu 金襴緞子gold brocade



............................. EEE

Edo hanjooki　江戸繁盛記 A record of Edo's prosperity

ekoo 回向／廻向 performing ceremonies for the dead

Engishiki, engi-shiki えんぎしき【延喜式】 Procedures of the Engi era (927)

Enshuugonomi, Enshuu konomi 遠州好み "taste of Enshu" (see Kobori Enshu)



............................. FFF

fubako ふばこ【文箱／文筥】 letter dispatch box

fudaraku tokai 補陀落渡海（ふだらくとかい）crossing the sea to reach the paradise of Kannon

fukizumi ふきづみ / 吹墨（ふきずみ) decoration. blowing pigments through a pipe

furegashira 触頭 administrative network head

furyuu 風流 showy spectacles
..... fuuryuu 風流 elegant, acomplished

futatsu hikiryoo no horo 幌　double-striped protective hood

fuuzoku gahoo 風俗が画報 Pictorial Journal reflecting Manners and Customs



............................. GGG

gakureki shakai 学歴社会 credential society, pedigree society

ginbari jippoo (ginbari shippoo) 銀貼七宝 cloisonee with silver foil

gokoku shisoo 護国思想 divine protection of the state (in Buddhism)
... Konkōmyōkyō 金光明経
... Ninnōkyō 仁王経
... Hokkekyō 法華経


gunshin 群臣 officials at the court of Yamato

gusoku 具足 suit of armour of a samurai
..... kogusoku 小具足　smapp pieces of armour equipment (like facemask, forearm sleaves, thigh guards, shin guards, bear-fur boots

gyomotsu, gyobutsu ぎょもつ【御物, ぎょぶつ】 artwork commissioned by rulers. kaiserlicher Besitz

gyooyoo 杏葉 leaf-shaped plate of armour




............................. HHH

haboku はぼく【破墨】 "splashed ink style" for paintings

haitoo はいとう【廃刀】 editc to abolish the carrying of swords in 1876

hakubasami, haku-basami 箔挟（はくばさみ）pincette for holding metal sheets and leaves

han-eri, han eri はんえり【半襟】 decorative collar of an under-kimono

haniwa はにわ【埴輪】clay image at ancient burial mounds

hanshita-e han shite-e 版下絵 last drawing (for a woodcut)

haragake はらがけ【腹掛け】 apron, bib for a child

harimaze はりまぜ【張り交ぜ／貼り雑ぜ】mixing of material for a folding screen or painting

haura, ha ura はうら【羽裏】 lining of a haori coat


heishi 瓶子 (へいし) ritual sake bottle

heishin kikoo 丙辰紀行 Account of a journey in the year Heishin (1671)

Higashiyama seionchoo 東山清音帖 Clear Sound in East Mountain

hinagatabon, hinagata bon 雛型本 books with small pattern designs

hirazoogan ひらぞうがん【平象眼】 flat inlay

hitotsumi, hitotsu mi ひとつみ【一つ身】 kimono for a baby

honmatsu seido 本末制度 head-branch system (of government)

hyakunin isshuu uba ga etoki 百人一首 うばが絵解（ひゃくにんいっしゅ） 乳母か絵とき The Hundred Poems explained by the Nurse




............................. III

ichigami 市神 deity of the market

ichiji shita-e 一時下絵　initial preparatory sketches

ishime いしめ【石目】 texture for engraving work

ishizara, ishi-zara　石皿 stone-glazed plates, from Seto




............................. JJJ

jinbako じんばこ【沈箱】 box for storing incense wood

jinku okuri 神供送り　sending off divine offerings
(they are thrown in a hole, burned with torches and burried properly)

jinsei 仁政 benevolent rule

jizai okimono　自在置物 realistically shaped figures of animals, plants etc.

joomoku 条目 regulations

juuzenkai 十善戒 ten good precepts (for Buddhists)
... daruma isshinkai 達磨一心戒 / 一心戒文 from Tendai



............................. KKKK

kachikachi yama かちかちやま【かちかち山】 "fire-crackle mountain", children's story

kaikoku zakki 廻国雑記 Miscellania of travelling about the country. 1487

kakihan かきはん【書（き）判】written seal (for authentification)

kakusa shakai 格差社会 gap society

kami asobi 神遊び　divine play. Deities come together to enjoy and feast.

katakiribori かたきりぼり【片切り彫り】 sice-cut engraving

katsurame 桂女 female fishmonger (often prostitute)

kawari-nuri 変塗(かわりぬり)alternative laquering

katakiribori, katakiri-bori かたきりぼり【片切り彫（り）】 side-cut engraving


kebiki odoshi 毛引縅 way oflacing the plates of a cuirass

keka 悔過 ritual of repentance (Buddhism)

kenbyoo けんびょう【硯屏】 screen in front of an inkstone

kendai 見台 reading stand with drawer
... shokendai 書見台（しょけんだい）

keshiboozu, keshi boozu けしぼうず【芥子坊主】 "poppy" shaven head of a priest (or child)


kinji nishiki　金地錦 "golden ground" brocade

kinkeshi 金銷（きんけし）mercury/gold amalgam gilding technique

kinkoo きんこう【金工】 metal work master craftsman

kirikane きりかね【切（り）金／截り金】 cut-gold for decorations

kitooji, kitoo ji 祈祷寺 prayer temple
..... kitoo danna　祈祷旦那 prayer patron


koboku こぼく【古墨】 "Chinese old ink stick"

Koda Shuetsu 迎田秋悦（こうだしゅうえつ Kooda Shuuetsu）(1881 - 1933) artist in laquer ware

koegame, koe-game 肥甕（こえがめ) night soil pot

kohitsu こひつ【古筆】 "painting or calligraphy by the ancients"

kondoo 金堂 "Golden Hall", main hall of a temple complex

kongoosha こんごうしゃ【金剛砂】 garnet stone

konrei choodo 婚礼調度 wedding set, trousseau
. . . CLICK here for Photos !

koodoo 講堂 lecture hall of a temple complex

koshiore ningyoo 腰折れ人形 articulated doll "bending hips"


kugutsu 傀儡 puppeteer-prayer nun (often prostitute)

kusazuri 草摺 tassets (on a suit of armour), a kind of skirt

kyokujitsu ki きょくじつき【旭日旗】 "Rising Sun" flag, for the armed forces.

kyoozoo きょうぞう【胸像】bust (kyozo)
kyoozoo きょうぞう【鏡像】statue reflected in a mirror



............................. MMM

maedate 前立て crest of a helmet, figurehead

makie mei, maki-e mei 蒔絵銘 (まきえめい) signature in maki-e (gold/silver raises laquer work)

me no shita men 目の下面 mask below the eyes (of a coat of armour)

metsubushi めつぶし【目潰し】 pepper blower for blinding a person (used by ninja)


midooshuu 御堂衆(みどうしゅう) "chaplains" of Honganji

migakibake みがき【磨き／研き】 + hake はけ【刷毛】 horsehair brush

mise 見世　business station (shop, store, stall)
..... kakemise　掛店　”suspended store"
..... nakamise　仲見世 "inner store"　at Asakusa

mitsu-ore ningyoo 三つ折れ人形 doll divided into three parts

miyabori shi 宮彫師（みやぼりし）carver for shrines and temples

mokoshi 裳階／裳層 extra decorated roofs of a temple hall

munaita, muna-ita 胸板 breast plate (of armour)
..... oshitsuke no ita 押付の板



............................. NNN

nashiji 梨子地（なしじ） pear-skin background
... muranashiji 斑 spotted
... koinashiji 濃い thick ...

nenjuu gyooji　年中行事　annual schedule of religious events, Jahreszeitenfeste

nerikawa ねりかわ【練革】hardened leather

Nezu Kaichiroo 根津嘉一郎（ねずかいちろう）(1860 - 1940) art collector, Nezu Bijutsukan Museum. Nezu Institute of Fine Arts

Nihon Hanga Kyookai　日本版画協会　Japan Print Association

Nihon minzoku zufu　日本民族図譜　"Native Customs of Japan"

Ni-I no Ama 二位尼　 "nun of the second rank", widow of Kiyomori。平時子

nimaidoo 二枚胴 two-piece cuirass

nyobon 女犯 "sexual indulgence" of monks



............................. OOO

Oguri gaiden 小栗外伝（おぐりがいでん）The Legend of Lord Oguri

oie soodoo, o-ie soodoo お家騒動 household disturbance

okime おきめ【置目】 copying a pattern from a paper on a piece for laquering

okina mai 翁舞 (おきなまい) "old man dancing" at Kagura or as a statue

Onyooryoo 陰陽寮 Yin-Yang Bureau, Bureau of Onmyoo



............................. RRR

raimon らいもん【雷文】 fret, frets, Mäanderband

rikkokushi 六国史 lit. "History of six countries"

robin's egg blue, robin egg blue 薄緑がかった青色, eggshell blue, in the color of the American Robin. Used as a glazing for ceramics.

roiro, ro-iro ろいろ【蝋色／呂色】 / rooiro ろういろ black laquer background

rokudoo　bakku 六道ばっく escape from the suffering of the six realms

Rose Hempel (1920 - 2009)

ryoo no shuuge 令集解 compiled by Koremune no Naomoto
ryoo no gige 令義解

ryuuka suigin りゅうかすいぎん【硫化水銀】mercury sulphide (Niutsuhime is the goddess of mercury)



............................. SSS

saikumono, saiku mono さいくもの【細工物】hand-carved miniature netsuke

sane 実／核 leather plate of a cuirass
..... ita-sane 板さね　metal plates of a cuirass

sankei mandara 参詣曼荼羅 (さんけいまんだら) "pilgrimage mandala"

sannai 山内 inner precinct of a temple

sashimono shi 指物師（さしものし）hair ornament maker

seigaiha mon 青海波文（せいがいはもん）overlapping waves pattern

sei-i taishoogun 征夷大将軍 "barbarian-quelling great general" (Title of Minamoto no Yoritomo)

senpuku rinsoo 千輻輪相 Dharma wheel on the sole of the Buddha




............................. SH SH SH

Shiba Kōkan, Shiba Kokan, Shiba Kookan (司馬江漢)(1747-1818), also Suzuki Harushige (鈴木春重)

shibuichi, shibu-ichi しぶいち【四分一】 , alloy (70% copper, 30% silver), used for laquer ware decorations

shichidaiji junrei shiki 七大寺巡礼私記 "Record of the Seven Temple Pilgrimage", by Ooe Chikamichi 大江親通

shifuku しふくindividual bags (made of cloth)

shiinari 椎様／椎形／椎像 acorn shaped

shika mandara 鹿曼荼羅 deer mandala, shika mandala

shinchuu しんちゅう【真鍮】 brass, brasswork

shingi Shingon shuu しんぎしんごんしゅう【新義真言宗】 "school of the new shingon dogma"

shinkeizu　しんけいず (神経図) true view picture, "diagram of the true form" (Daoist)

shioo しおう【雌黄】 orpiment / like sekioo 石黄(せきおう)

shippoomon しっぽうもん【七宝文】 overlapping circles

shiraniku ningyoo 白肉人形 doll with a white skin (white flesh)

shirochoo gai 白蝶貝（しろちょうがい）pearl oyster shells

shishiaibori ししあいぼり【肉合い彫り】 metal engraving technique

shokkoo nishiki 蜀江錦（しょっこうにしき）brocade with octagon patterns

Shooami Katsuyoshi 正阿弥勝義【しょうあみかつよし】Shoami Katsuyoshi (1832 - 1908) metal craftsman

Shooshoo hakkei 瀟湘八景 "Eight views of the Xiao and Xiang Rivers"

shozan engi 諸山縁起（しょざんえんぎ）Origins of various Mountains, 1180

shusei しゅせい anthology

shuushoo 修正(しゅうしょう）会 shuusei - New Year ritual for Nation Protecting

. . . SO

sooshiki bukkyoo　葬式仏教　funerary Buddhism

sorabikibata　そらびき機 draw loom

soshuu jiin hatto　諸宗寺院法度　edict relating to temples and monks of all sects


. . . SU

sumerogi (sumeroki) 天皇 すめろぎ【天皇】aonther name for Tenno

Sunpu onbunbutsu no uchi iroiro godoogu choo 駿府 List of various objects in the collection of cultural relics at Sunpu (Tokugawa)



............................. TTT

takabori たかぼり【高彫り】 engraving technique, so that the motive "stands out high"

takazoogan たかぞうがん【高象眼】 high-relief inlay

takumi たくみ【巧み／工／匠】 skillfull master (of a craft)

tatoogami たとうがみ【畳紙】 decorative wrapping paper


tenka taihei 天下太平 a sign of peace in the land (of Yamato). “Great Peace Under Heaven”

terakotta テラコッタ製 tera-cotta

terauke, tera uke　寺受け temple regisrty

tokuwaka ni go-manzai 徳若(とくわか)に御万歳(ごまんざい) "Be always young and enjoy longevity"

tooroo no ono 蟷螂(とうろう)の斧 "ax of a praying mantis"

tsurezure ori　つれづれ織り　tapsetry-weave, kesi

tsurumarumon, tsuru maru mon 鶴丸紋（つるまるもん) round crest with a crane

tsuyu uchi yuto ? 湯桶 / 湯とう spike tea pot style


............................. UUU

uchidashi 打ち出し hammer-reveal technique for metalwork

uma no me zara, umanome, uma-no-me 馬の目 "horse eye" patterns on Seto plates

unkoku ha うんこくは【雲谷派】Unkoku school of painting, Momoyama period
. . . . . Unkoku Toogan 雲谷等顔 (1547 - 1618)

Unno Shoomin / Un-No Shomin 海野 勝珉 ( うんの しょうみん ) 1844 - 1915 metal craftsman

urushigaki mei 漆書銘 (うるしがきめい) signiture in black or vermillion laquer




............................. WWW

waki-ita 脇板 armour plate at the side of a court of armes

wayoobi　和様美　Japanese aesthetics




............................. YYY

yakiagari, yaki-agari 焼き上がり ceramic surface

Yakumo Misho八雲御抄 The Sovereign's Eightfold Cloud Treatiese

yakuryoo 役料 "expenses for public duty"

yamato neko 倭根子 (やまとねこ) praizing word for the tenno. "Das Liebe Kind von Yamato"

yaso 八十 - 80, meaning "a lot"


yuukasai 釉下彩(ゆうかさい) decorations with red or yellow pigment and transparent glaze

yuuzen ゆうぜん【友禅】 printed silk




............................. ZZZ

zakuro guchi, zakuroguchi 柘榴口（ざくろぐち) entrance to a public bath

zasu ざす【座主】 chief priest of a large temple

zoogan ぞうがん【象眼／象嵌】 inlay (in metal work or laquer or others)

zuanchoo, zuan choo 図案帳 pattern design books (for kimono etc.)
zuanshuu, zuan shuu　図案集 pattern design collections


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Daruma Pilgrims in Japan

O-Fudo Sama Gallery

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Ukiyo-e woodblock

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Daruma Pilgrims Gallery

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Ukiyo-e　浮世絵　
Ukiyoe

There are quite a few Daruma in the world of Ukiyo-E.

. Ukiyo-e in the Daruma Museum .


. Hanga 版画 in the Daruma Museum .




. Woodblock prints with food - hanga 版画 .


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Ukiyo-e (浮世絵)
literally "pictures of the floating world"
is a genre of Japanese woodblock prints (or woodcuts) and paintings produced between the 17th and the 20th centuries, featuring motifs of landscapes, tales from history, the theatre, and pleasure quarters. It is the main artistic genre of woodblock printing in Japan.

Usually the word ukiyo is literally translated as "floating world" in English, referring to a conception of an evanescent world, impermanent, fleeting beauty and a realm of entertainments (kabuki, courtesans, geisha) divorced from the responsibilities of the mundane, everyday world; "pictures of the floating world", i.e. ukiyo-e, are considered a genre unto themselves.

The contemporary novelist Asai Ryōi, in his Ukiyo monogatari (浮世物語, "Tales of the Floating World", c. 1661?), provides some insight into the concept of the floating world:

... Living only for the moment, turning our full attention to the pleasures of the moon, the snow, the cherry blossoms and the maple leaves; singing songs, drinking wine, diverting ourselves in just floating, floating; ... refusing to be disheartened, like a gourd floating along with the river current: this is what we call the floating world...
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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Minneapolis Institute of Arts
EDO POP - 2011

The Minneapolis Institute of Arts is home to about 3,000 Japanese woodblock prints. These works, collectively known as ukiyo-e, or “pictures of the floating world,” were produced during Japan’s Edo period (1600–1868). Reflecting the interests and activities of the newly emerging class of moneyed commoners, ukiyo-e prints first featured the reigning beauties of the pleasure quarters and the dashing actors of the Kabuki theater, the pop stars of the time. Later, artists expanded their repertoires to include landscapes, floral studies, legendary heroes, and even ghoulish themes.

The exhibition showcases 160 of the MIA’s best prints by the genre’s greatest artists, including Harunobu, Kiyonaga, Utamaro, Shunshō, Sharaku, Toyokuni, Hokusai, and Hiroshige. With their crisp outlines, unmodulated colors, and surprising vantage points, the images are as fresh and captivating as when they were produced. Sensuality, fashion, decadent entertainments, and urban pastimes all reflect the popular tastes of young urban sophisticates of Japan’s pre-modern era.

source : Minneapolis Institute of Arts




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Hokusai - Kintaikyo bridge, Iwakuni
諸国名所百景・周防岩国錦帯橋


浮世絵は愉しい　
沢井コレクション百選
沢井　鈴一　著
source : www.arm-p.co.jp/publish


light snow
slips on the river
under the bridge


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Faces of the Japanese
as seen in Ukiyo-E and Haiku
浮世絵と俳句のアンサンブルから見えてくる「日本人の顔」
Shigemi Shineki 重見法樹
ISBN 978-4-87302-436-3



浮世絵の風の素通りあめんぼう
ukiyo-e no kaze no sudoori amenboo

the wind of ukiyo-e
just blows without a trace -
water strider

Kobayashi Masaru 小林まさる




. Water Strider (amenbo) .


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. Paintings with Daruma .

. Kakejiku 掛け軸　Scrolls and Paintings .



Daruma Pilgrims in Japan


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Calligraphy - China

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Daruma Pilgrims Gallery

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Calligraphy from China

Zen and ink:
Ancient art of calligraphy
a world of beauty, meditation

Calligrapher Mariko Kinoshita

The six characters are from kyuseikyu reisenmei,
a Chinese classic often used to illustrate the kaisho standard, or square writing. The words are inscribed on a monument built to celebrate the coming of spring at kyuseikyu, a palace building from the Tang Dynasty in China.
Kinoshita said it is always the first thing she has her students learn.

"By meditating on why the ancient peoples left these characters, I feel as if I can get a sense of those days," Kinoshita said.

One of the most appealing aspects of calligraphy is its meditative quality: You can reflect on yourself and feel a sense of serenity as you practice. "You don't have to spend hours doing it," she says. "For example, if you just write on one sheet of paper before heading off to bed, it will give you a sense of composure, especially if you have a rather hectic life."
source : www.yomiuri.co.jp - 2010


女流書道家 - 木下真理子



source : Kinoshita Mariko

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九成宮醴泉銘 Kyuuseikyuu reiseimei

Stone inscription from about 630 in China



(おうよう‐じゅん) 欧陽詢 Ooyoo Jun (557 - 641)
Chinese calligrapher

潭州臨湘（現在の湖南省長沙市）に生まれ、安徽で死去した。
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !


Ouyang Xun (Chinese: 歐陽詢
Wade–Giles: Ouyang Hsun)
(557–641), courtesy name Xinben (信本), was a Confucian scholar and calligrapher of the early Tang Dynasty. He was born in Hunan, Changsha, to a family of government officials; and died in modern Anhui province.

He was a talented student who read widely in the classics. He served under the Sui Dynasty in 611 as Imperial Doctor. He served under the Tang Dynasty as censor and scholar at the Hongwen Academy. There he taught calligraphy. He was a principal contributor to the Yiwen Leiju.

He became the Imperial Calligrapher and inscribed several major imperial steles. He was considered a cultured scholar and a government official. Along with Yu Shinan and Chu Suiliang he became known as one of the
Three Great Calligraphers of the Early Tang.
©　More in the WIKIPEDIA !




CLICK for more samples !


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- Calligraphy , shodoo 書道 -

Daruma Pilgrims in Japan


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Tales of Old Japan

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Daruma Pilgrims Gallery

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Tales of Old Japan



by
LORD REDESDALE, G.C.V.O., K.C.B.
FORMERLY SECOND SECRETARY TO THE BRITISH LEGATION IN JAPAN


quote
Tales of Old Japan (1871)
is an anthology of short stories, compiled by Algernon Bertram Freeman-Mitford, Lord Redesdale, writing under the better known name of A.B. Mitford. These stories focus on the varying aspects of Japanese life in centuries past. The book, which was written in 1871, is still regarded as an excellent introduction to Japanese literature and culture, by virtue of its ease of access and supplemental notes by the writer. Also included are the author's eyewitness accounts of a selection of Japanese rituals, ranging from the harakiri and marriage to a selection of sermons. This book had a lasting influence on the Western perception of Japanese history, culture and society, particularly because of one widely known tale about samurai revenge, "Forty-seven Ronin".
source : en.wikipedia.org



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The Project Gutenberg eBook

Note:
The author, Algernon Bertram Freeman-Mitford
(1837-1916), Lord Redesdale, was in the British Foreign Service as a young man. He was assigned to the legation in Japan for several years and acquired a life-long fascination with Japanese culture. This book has been a standard source of information about Japanese folklore and customs since its original publication in 1871 and has been in print ever since.


CONTENTS

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS1

THE FORTY-SEVEN RÔNINS 1

THE LOVES OF GOMPACHI AND KOMURASAKI 20

KAZUMA'S REVENGE 38

A STORY OF THE OTOKODATÉ OF YEDO 54

THE WONDERFUL ADVENTURES OF FUNAKOSHI JIUYÉMON 91

THE ETA MAIDEN AND THE HATAMOTO 115

FAIRY TALES 133

THE TONGUE-CUT SPARROW 135

THE ACCOMPLISHED AND LUCKY TEA-KETTLE 138

THE CRACKLING MOUNTAIN 141

THE STORY OF THE OLD MAN WHO MADE WITHERED TREES TO BLOSSOM 145

THE BATTLE OF THE APE AND THE CRAB 149

THE ADVENTURES OF LITTLE PEACHLING 152

THE FOXES' WEDDING 155

THE HISTORY OF SAKATA KINTOKI 158

THE ELVES AND THE ENVIOUS NEIGHBOUR 160

THE GHOST OF SAKURA 161

HOW TAJIMA SHUMÉ WAS TORMENTED BY A DEVIL OF HIS OWN CREATION 192

CONCERNING CERTAIN SUPERSTITIONS 197

THE VAMPIRE CAT OF NABÉSHIMA 200

THE STORY OF THE FAITHFUL CAT 207

HOW A MAN WAS BEWITCHED AND HAD HIS HEAD SHAVED BY THE FOXES 209

THE GRATEFUL FOXES 213

THE BADGER'S MONEY 220

THE PRINCE AND THE BADGER 224

JAPANESE SERMONS 227

THE SERMONS OF KIU-Ô, VOL. I. SERMON I. 235

THE SERMONS OF KIU-Ô, VOL. I. SERMON II. 244

THE SERMONS OF KIU-Ô, VOL. I. SERMON III. 253


APPENDICES:

AN ACCOUNT OF THE HARA-KIRI 263

THE MARRIAGE CEREMONY 288

ON THE BIRTH AND REARING OF CHILDREN 296

FUNERAL RITES 301


Release Date: July 24, 2004 [eBook #13015]
source : www.gutenberg.org



The ronin, on their way back to Sengaku-ji, are halted in the street, to invite them in for rest and refreshment


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. Sengaku-ji and the 47 Ronin (Chushingura)
泉岳寺と４７浪人　/ 忠臣蔵　 .


Daruma Pilgrims in Japan


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Edo shigusa

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Daruma Pilgrims Gallery

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Edo shigusa　江戸しぐさ manners of Edo

The Chinese characters are not 仕草
but 思草.



“Edo Shigusa” is the wisdom and behavior of the merchants in Edo era. The fundamentals of “Edo Shigusa” are based on the happiness and the peace of the community.
source : Piazza Trading Co.

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quote
"Edo Shigusa" as the Sensibility of Edo Culture
Koshikawa Reiko

One would be entirely justified in saying that "Edo shigusa," the collective name for the particular manners and customs of the city of Edo, expresses the sensibility of a specific time and place that could pass for a global standard today. By Edo, we mean the actual leaders of the city, those who were comparable to the members of the Nippon Keidanren (Japan Federation of Economic Organizations) today.

Edo shigusa consists of the principles, philosophy and secrets (the knacks, manners and coordination) necessary for the daily life of the leaders among the residents of the castle town of Edo. It is composed of the concrete know-how, the essential skills one needed to do business and live day by day in the huge city.



A true resident of Edo was called an Edokko, and there were four specific qualifications for that title.

(1) You should consider the person before you as an incarnation of the Buddha.
(2) You should not be a "time thief," one who takes up another's time without asking permission.
(3) Irrespective of their status, upon meeting someone you should treat them as equals, asking neither their age, occupation nor position.
(4) You should possess a sense of playfulness as well as a sense of competitiveness in resourcefulness and physical and mental skills....
source : www.jef.or.jp

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There are quite a few books in Japan.








source :　tsuiteru-reosan


越川禮子
source : www.tokyobunka.ed.jp


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quote
Nihonbashi-bijin and Edo-Shigusa

Edo-shigusa is more appropriately described as a combination of philosophy and actions that were created and refined by merchants in order to successfully live in Edo, a metropolis centered on Nihonbashi.

Strolling through Nihonbashi, you come across women who are dignified and alert, and who exude the beauty of body and mind that makes them deserving of being called Nihonbashi-bijin. Such enchanting women cultivate their sense of consideration for others in human relations, improve themselves through exposure to superior traditions and culture, and are continually honing their senses. I hope that many women will take the opportunity to adopt the attitude and apply the daily effort typified in the spirit of Edo to become an attractive Nihonbashi-bijin and an embodiment of Edo-shigusa.
source : www.tokyochuo.net




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江戸しぐさ蛇の目の傘に茂り揺れ
Edo shigusa janomegasa ni shigeri-yure

manners of Edo -
they thrive and blossom
under the Edo-umbrella

Hookoobito 彷徨人 "wanderer"

source : bousousyouyoubito



ja no me gasa, janomegasa　蛇の目傘 Edo-umbrella

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. Edo, The City That Became Tokyo .



Daruma Pilgrims in Japan





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Hotei - Pu-Tai

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Hotei 布袋 Pu-Tai

one of the
Seven Gods of Good Luck 七福神 Shichifukujin　



Yamashina-E Picture
Daruma and YAMASHINA Paintings - Yamashina-E


Benten　弁天
Bishamonten　毘沙門天
Daikoku 大黒
Ebisu 恵比寿
Fukurokujuu 福禄寿
Hotei 布袋
Juroojin　寿老人


. Seven Gods of Good Luck 七福神 Shichifukujin　.

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Quote from Mark Schumacher:
The Shichifukujin are an eclectic group of deities from Japan, India, and China. Only one is native to Japan (Ebisu). Three are from India (Daikokuten, Bishamonten, and Benzaiten) and three from China (Hotei, Jurojin, and Fukurokuju).

The mystery of number seven has enraptured the Japanese as well. Ancient Japan was founded around seven districts. In Japanese folklore, there are seven treasures and seven deities of good luck (the topic of this story). Japanese Buddhists believe people are reincarnated only seven times, and seven weeks of mourning are prescribed following death.

The list goes on and on -- the seven ups and eight downs of life (Daruma san, you remember), the seven autumn flowers, the seven spring herbs, the seven types of red pepper, the seven transformations, and the popular 7-5-3 festival held each November for children, in which special Shinto rites are performed to formally welcome girls (age 3) and boys (age 5) into the community. Girls (age 7) are welcomed into womanhood and allowed to wear the obi (decorative sash worn with kimono).

Mark Schumacher has many more details and pictures
. . . Mark Schumacher

Link about these seven deities.
http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/jgods.html


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The belief in the seven gods of good luck may have started in the Kamakura period as the belief in Ebisu, who had been introduced from India together with Daikoku and Benten. In the Muromachi period, these three were revered together.
Next from India came Bishamonten and then from China Hotei, Fukurooju and Juroojin.

These seven gods are gathered in one common pilgrimmage for the New Year.
At the beginning of the Edo period Tokugawa Ieyasu started the first set of seven temples from Temple Kanei-Ji in the Ueno area. During the more peaceful time of the seventh Shogun Yoshimune it turned into more of a festivity and tourism and spread over all of Japan.

Nowadays, people visit these temples often as a kind of hiking entertainment or stamp ralley, but it never lost in its popularity.

visiting the temples of the seven gods of good luck
shichifukujin mairi 七福神参り
kigo for the New Year
Saijiki of Ceremonies in Japan



From the Daruma Museum
Seven Gods of Good Luck as Daruma Dolls 七福神だるま


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source :　jugem.jp
Hotei sama 布袋さま


Hotei 布袋 Pu-tai, Bu-Tai, Bu-Dai 布袋

Quoting from my book about Buddha Statues
- Buddhastatuen ... Who is Who

He is the god of contentment and happiness. He is the only one of the seven deities who is modelled after a real person, the Chinese Zen Priest Kaishi (Ki-hi) , who lived around 900 in T'ang China in the Mountain Temple Shimeizan. He wandered around in the country, carrying his few belongings in a big sack. He freely shared his things with people in need and the local children all loved to be around him.

In his free way of life he teaches us to cultivate a mind free of worry and a heart free of wishes, since these are greater treasures than anything else you can carry around in this world.

He is known to be an incarnation of the Bodhisattva Maitreya (Miroku Bosatsu) the Future Buddha.

His iconography is simple:
An old, bold man who carries a huge bag. His robe is open and shows his huge belly. Sometimes he holds a Chinese fan (uchiwa) in his hand. Many illustrations show him resting on his huge bag. He is very often represented in Bizen Pottery.



Here you can see him carrying the wishfulfilling jewel and with a child at his side, as quoted by Darkchilde.


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At the Temple Manpuku-Ji in Kyoto, there is this statue
万福寺



Hotei is thought to be based on a Chinese monk named Bu-dai, who became identified as an incarnation of Miroku, the Bodhisattva of the future. The statue is kept in the Tenno-den (Heavenly Kings Hall) of the temple.
http://www.art-and-archaeology.com/japan/mampukuji8.html


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Hotei Daruma on a Stone
石ころに彩色した布袋達磨。　群馬県みなかみ町の“たくみの里”産



© Hisamaro, Seven Goods of Good Luck
七福神グッズいろいろ

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Here is another version of his legend.



He is the god of happiness, laughter and the wisdom of contentment, and is the patron of the weak and children, fortunetellers and bartenders. Hotei is distinguished by his body of generous proportions and round stomach exposed beneath loose robes. His big belly is a symbol of happiness, luck and generosity. On his back he carrys a huge linen bag containing precious things and gifts of good fortune, including children. He also holds an uchiwa, a flat fan of Chinese orgin used by ancient chieftains as an emblem of authority and wish granting. He may sit in an old cart drawn by boys, as the Wagon Priest, and can be compared with the Buddhistic Mi-lo-Fo.

In Chinese Buddhism he is known as Budai, the Loving or Friendly One. He was a wandering Chan Buddhist monk who lived in the ninth century. At his death between 901 and 903, he recited a poem that revealed to the world that he was in fact the Bodhisattva Maitreya in disguise. Maitreya, Chinese Buddhists believe, is the future buddha, who will return to the world and bring innumerable individuals to salvation. This concept of hope for the suffering, combined with Budai's pleasing, human features, made him a most popular Buddhist deity. It was not until the sixteenth century that he was canonised as the sixteenth and last Chinese bodhisattva.
According to Chinese legend he carried a sack of candy to give to children.

He is sometimes worshipped as a god of good luck and prosperity. He is always represented as very stout, with the breast and upper abdomen exposed to view. His face has a widely grinning or laughing expression, and he is also known as the Laughing Buddha. He stands in the first hall of the Buddhist monastery. Because of his constant good nature, he has become the symbol of philosophical contentment.
http://www.holymtn.com/gods/hotei.htm


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Hotei painted by Miyamoto Musashi


Fukuoka Art Museum
布袋見闘鶏図

宮本武蔵は江戸時代前期の剣豪で、二天一流剣法の始祖です。書画にもすぐれた武蔵は、南宋の梁楷の減筆体や海北友松の画風を学び、気迫のこもった水墨画を残しました。この布袋見闘鶏図には、伝・梁楷、海北友松の作品にも同じ図様のものが見られますが、全体的には友松の作品に近いといえます。まさに飛びかからんとしてにらみ合う二羽の鶏を、布袋は悠然と眺めおろしています。この作品の旧蔵者である茶人・松永耳庵は「布袋という絶対者が、争いの絶えない世間を見つめている」と喝破しました。終生戦いの場に身を置いた宮本武蔵が辿りついた境地として見れば、興味は尽きません。
http://www.fukuoka-art-museum.jp/jc/html/jc05/01/hotei.html


More famous paintings of Hotei

By Doi San 土井利位 筆
http://www.city.koga.ibaraki.jp/rekihaku/sekka/1-4.htm


By 黙庵霊淵（？～1345?)
http://www.sumitomo.gr.jp/related/senoku02/ipix/exhibit01.html

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Hotei, being a cheerful, contented Buddhist monk, is a wonderful little icon; where just the appearance can have the ability to cheer anyone up from a bad day. His largely exposed, pot-belly stomach protrudes in front of him as he continues to laugh through never ending time. This familiar looking statue can be found just about anywhere in the world, and maybe better known as
the Laughing Buddha.

The name Hotei actually means "cloth bag" or "glutton."
A legend has it that if a person is to rub his belly, it brings forth wealth, good luck, and prosperity.
from albrecht

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Hotei carrying a lady across the stream

Nishimura Shigenaga 1697-1756

Read more about this deity.
http://www.bookmice.net/darkchilde/japan/jgods.html

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Hotei on a plate made by Kakiemon, Arita.
柿右衛門　色絵布袋図皿
http://www.umakato.jp/tanakamaru/sk_006.html


Another Kutani plate with Hotei

.. //shofu.pref.ishikawa.jp/shofu/intro/

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. Seven Fushimi dolls of Hotei 布袋 　


. . . . .


Read a lot more here in an essay by Jennifer Polden.
... onmarkproductions.com/html- hotei_by_jennifer_polden.htm


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You can buy a lot of lucky charms with Hotei here:

http://www.luckfactory.com/chinahoteibuddha1.html




布袋　土鈴 dorei
Clay bell with Hotei, click for more !



布袋　絵馬 ema
votive tablet with Hotei, click for more !


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Die sieben Glücksgötter (Shichi Fukushin)
Besondere Gruppierung "ausländischer" Gottheiten.

Daikokuten, Bishamonten und Benten sind indische Gottheiten, Ebisu ist eine rein japanische Gottheit. Hotei und Fukurokujuu sind chinesischen Ursprungs.

Seit der Muromachi-Zeit besonders von Geschäftsleuten verehrt. Sechs männliche und eine weibliche (Benten) Gottheit. Entweder alle in einem Tempel aufgestellt oder für jede Gottheit ein eigener Tempel, die in den Neujahrstagen alle abgepilgert werden müssen. In einigen Tempeln befinden sich sieben besonders große, auffallend geformte Natursteine, welche die Gottheiten darstel~len.

Oft zusammen auf einem Glücksschiff (takarabune) dargestellt, auf dessen Segel das Schriftzeichen für "Schätze" (takara) steht. Dieses Bild ist besonders am Neujahrsfest glückbringend.

Eventuell aus dem alten Brauch des "Siebenmal Anbeten" (nanado mairi) entstanden, bei dem zum Gionfest in Kyooto an einem Tempel sieben Mal hintereinander ein Gebet gesprochen werden mußte, damit es wirksam wurde. Die Zahl "SIEBEN" ist seit alter Zeit mit Glück verbunden. Es gab auch den Brauch, sieben Statuen des Hotei nebeneinander aufzustellen.
In der Edo-Zeit am 2. Januar legte man sich ein Bild der Glücksgötter unter das Kopfkissen, um einen guten ersten Traum im neuen Jahr zu haben.

Die meisten Gottheiten wurden bei den Ten bereits besprochen, siehe dort.



Hotei
Chinesischer Zenpriester Kaishi (Kihi) des Tempels Shimeizan; lebte in der T'ang-Zeit. Wanderte bettelnd durchs Land, spielte mit den Kindern, trug seine Habe in einem großen Sack mit sich herum. Inkarnation des Miroku Bosatsu. Er lehrte, daß ein Geist frei von Sorgen und ein Herz frei von Wünschen wertvoller sei als alle weltlichen Schätze dieser Erde.

Ikonografie:
Alter, lachender, kahlköpfiger Priester-Schelm. Offene Kleidung, mit herausragendem dickem Bauch. Mit großem Sack, auf dem er oft ausruht; in der Hand einen chinesischen Fächer.


.Buddhastatuen ... Who is Who 　　

Ein Wegweiser zur Ikonografie
von japanischen Buddhastatuen
Gabi Greve, 1994


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. Folk Toys and the Seven Gods of Good Luck


. Seven Gods of Good Luck 七福神 Shichifukujin　.



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Enami Nobukuni

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Daruma Pilgrims Gallery

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Enami Nobukuni 江南信國
(1859-1929)

T. ENAMI
JAPAN'S ENIGMATIC PHOTOGRAPHER
Of the MEIJI and TAISHO ERAS



King of the Stereoview, Master of the Lantern-Slide, Prolific, Anonymous Contributor To the World of Meiji-era Yokohama Album Views, Dedicated Street Photographer, and Honored Alumni of National Geographic Magazine

source : www.t-enami.org/



Click for more photos !

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江南信國 Enami Nobukuni

１８９０年代の京都 • 清水の塔
１８９０年代の箱根 • 田舎道
１８９０年代の長崎 • 町と湾の眺め
１８８０年代の長崎 • 外国人居留地
１８９０年代の東京 • 愛宕山からの眺め

source : www.oldphotosjapan.com


Click for more photos !


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Daruma Pilgrims in Japan


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Agonashi Jizo

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Fudo Myo-O Gallery


. Jizo Bosatsu　地蔵菩薩 .
Kshitigarbha


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Agonashi Jizo 腮無( あごなし)地蔵
Jizo without a jaw
Jizo without a chin あごなし地蔵尊



隠岐島のあごなし地蔵尊の遷座.
東光院萩の寺 Hagi no Tera, Osaka
大阪府豊中市南桜塚1丁目12番7号

The two figures by the side of Jizo are
Shoozen 掌善（しょうぜん）
Shooaku 掌悪（しょうあく）

Jizo curing a toothace 歯痛平癒

In the year 1870, the temple 伴桂寺 at Oki Island had to close down. The last priest of the temple had been a disciple of the head prist of the Hagi Temple in Osaka, so he gave all his temple treasures to the Hagi Temple, including the statue of the "Jizo without a jaw", made by Ono no Takamura 小野篁（おののたかむら）卿正.
Two years later a special hall was built for the statue,which is a secret statue (hibutsu) and only shown once a year.

ago naoshi 阿古直し ... ago nashi

source :　www.haginotera.or.jp


. Ono no Takamura 小野篁 (802 - 852) .

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The legend from the village of Kanawa
in Omiya Town

Once upon a long long time
far away from this town on the island of Oki, there lived a man who had a painful toothache. For three days, he was crying all day long
"My tooth aces, my tooth aces so much!"
He could not sleep at night and not eat during the day because of the pain.
In the end he pulled out his jaw, threw it away - and died.


But then, how wonderful, he was reborn as a Bodhisattva.

The pious people of Oki Island then made a wooden statue of Jizo without a chin and prayed to it when they got a toothache.

Soon people from far away also came to pray for healing, and as a gift of gratitude placed one nashi pear into a nearby river or lake or the ocean.
(This is a pun on the sound of NASHI, pear, or
NASHI, to have not (a toothache).



One month during the following year, they placed a nashi pear in the water.
And all the nashi pears flow back to Oki Island.

That was all long long ago, and now we come to a story that happened about 160 years ago.



The farmer Hayashi Yasubei from Kanawa 金輪の林安兵衛 went to the wilderness where the Statue was located, hoisted it on his back and carried it all the way to his village, Kanawa, to a little temple. That was in the Year Tenpo 10, on March 24.
So to our day there is a monthly festival at this temple now.
Tenpo 10, by the way, is the year 1841 of the Edo period.



source : www.bunka.pref.mie.


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quote
Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan
Lafcadio Hearn

I had first heard in Matsue of Agonashi-Jizo, while suffering from one of those toothaches in which the pain appears to be several hundred miles in depth--one of those toothaches which disturb your ideas of space and time. And a friend who sympathised said:

'People who have toothache pray to Agonashi-Jizo. Agonashi-Jizo is in Oki, but Izumo people pray to him. When cured they go to Lake Shinji, to the river, to the sea, or to any running stream, and drop into the water twelve pears (nashi), one for each of the twelve months. And they believe the currents will carry all these to Oki across the sea.

'Now, Agonashi-Jizo means 'Jizo-who-has-no-jaw.'
For it is said that in one of his former lives Jizo had such a toothache in his lower jaw that he tore off his jaw, and threw it away, and died. And he became a Bosatsu. And the people of Oki made a statue of him without a jaw; and all who suffer toothache pray to that Jizo of Oki.'

This story interested me for more than once I had felt a strong desire to do like Agonashi-Jizo, though lacking the necessary courage and indifference to earthly consequences. Moreover, the tradition suggested so humane and profound a comprehension of toothache, and so large a
sympathy with its victims, that I felt myself somewhat consoled.

Nevertheless, I did not go to see Agonashi-Jizo, because I found out there was no longer any Agonashi-Jizo to see. The news was brought one evening by some friends, shizoku of Matsue, who had settled in Oki, a young police officer and his wife. They had walked right across the island to see us, starting before daylight, and crossing no less than thirty-two torrents on their way. The wife, only nineteen, was quite slender and pretty, and did not appear tired by that long rough journey.

What we learned about the famous Jizo was this:
The name Agonashi-Jizo was only a popular corruption of the true name, Agonaoshi-Jizo, or 'Jizo-the-Healer-of-jaws.'
The little temple in which the statue stood had been burned, and the statue along with it, except a fragment of the lower part of the figure, now piously preserved by some old peasant woman. It was impossible to rebuild the temple, as the disestablishment of Buddhism had entirely destroyed the resources of that faith in Oki.
But the peasantry of Tsubamezato had built a little Shinto miya on the sight of the temple, with a torii before it, and people still prayed there to Agonaoshi-Jizo.

This last curious fact reminded me of the little torii I had seen erected before the images of Jizo in the Cave of the Children's Ghosts. Shinto, in these remote districts of the west, now appropriates the popular divinities of Buddhism, just as of old Buddhism used to absorb
the divinities of Shinto in other parts of Japan.
source : www.gramotey.com

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Ago nashi Jizo at temple Koosaiji 広済寺 Kosai-Ji
Saitama, Kawagoe, Kita Town 川越市喜多町に広済寺

If you have no chin, you have no teeth and can not get a toothache.
People who got healed when praying to this statue brought a toothpick made from a willow branch as an offering.
source : www.tabi2ikitai.com


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temple Jikooji 慈光寺 Jiko-Ji of the Kannon Pilgrimage
Saitama
埼玉県比企郡ときがわ町
source : ohenro.blog.ocn.ne.jp


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On a roadside near the river Kakogawa in Hyogo
"so that Jizo can help all people who leave town and seek good fortune".

This Jizo stands in a small wooden hall, with a stone marker by its side.
The chin of the statue is covered by a red big, so we do not know wheather it has a chin or not.
加古川　兵庫
source : www.hyogo-c.ed.jp


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Taikichoo in Mie. 大紀町三重県
source :　michihata

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More Jizo to help your toothache

. Haitadome Jizoo
歯痛止のお地蔵さん .

Hagami Jizo 歯神地蔵尊
Jizo as God for Toothache


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梅雨最中　ずきずき　ずきと　歯の痛み
tsuyu sanaka 　zukizuki　zuki to 　ha no itami

long rainy season -
splitting splitting splitting
my tooth aches

. Gabi Greve, 2006 .



the god of toothache -
I wish I was there
to add my coin

In the town of Kathmandu in Nepal there is a God of Toothache at a road corner in Thamel, just a piece of wood shaped like a molar itself. If you have a toothache, you go there and hammer one coin wishing your illness might pass.

. Toothache and Haiku .


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With a map of the location:
source : okinoshima.info

. Reference : Agonashi Jizo



. Jizo Bosatsu　地蔵菩薩 .


O-Fudo Sama Gallery

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. Amulets and Talismans for your health .　


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